Respects to the causes of this situation, the authorities have an important part of the responsibility, because they must be stricter in control measures. It effects can be very high, including health’ problems and others such as incommodity by live in a contaminated environment.
I think that the first step to prevent this kind of problems, is be more strict in requirement of contamination level such as in the way that the industrial waste were manipulate. Another form to prevent it is to be stronger in sanction when some irresponsible industries violate the laws. Is very important that authorities take in to account the damage that industrial contamination can produced in the environment and in people.
About the possible solution, I think that the first is close the coal until they be shore assegurate that contamination levels can be lowed. The authorities must obligate to the company to do a decontamination plan, to counteract the impact of it in the environment. It necessary to, that the companies compensate to the village and pay all the possible cost of treatments, in case those correspond.